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Solar and Lunar eclipses
 

Solar eclipse  - astronomical phenomenon when for an observer on earth the moon partially or completely obscure the sun. The solar eclipse is only possible in  New moon, and only if the new moon occurs near one of the two  Lunar node - the point of intersection of the orbit of the moon with Ecliptic. The shadow of the moon on the earth's surface does not exceed a diameter of 270 km , so the eclipse is observed only in a narrow band in the shadow of the way. As the moon revolves around the Earth in an elliptical orbit, the distance between the Earth and the Moon at the time of the eclipse may be different and therefore the Moon's shadow spot diameter on the surface of the Earth varies widely from maximum to zero - in this case, the Moon's shadow vertex of the cone reaches the Earth's surface visually Moon passes across the solar disk, but is less than the Sun's diameter. The maximum phase of the eclipse of the sun the moon rose, but around the moon can be seen a bright ring uncovered part of the solar disk - it  Annular Solar Eclipse. Sky with annular eclipse remains bright, the stars did not appear, watch the solar corona is not possible. The same parts in different eclipse eclipse bands can be seen as a full or annular. This eclipse is called a hybrid. Eclipse, in which the visible disk of the Moon covers the visible disk of the Sun is not completely called private , ie, Partial eclipse.    Partial Solar Eclipse in Riga  

Lunar eclipse - astronomical phenomenon when the moon enters the shadow cone cast by the Earth into space. The diameter of the Earth's shadow spot at a distance of 363,000 km (the minimum distance of the Moon from the Earth) is about 2.6 diameters of the moon , so the moon can be fully shaded. When the moon during an eclipse fully enters the Earth's shadow in a total lunar eclipse occurs when the part - it is a partial eclipse. Two necessary and sufficient conditions for the onset of a lunar eclipse is  Full moon  and the proximity of the Earth to the lunar node. If the Moon enters the full shadow of the Earth is only partially observed a partial eclipse - part of the moon is dark, and some even in the maximum phase, remains in partial shade and illuminated by sunlight. If the Moon passes the penumbra region, but is not included into the shadows, there is a penumbral eclipse: Moon brightness decreases slightly.